분석 흐름도: 시뮬레이션 방법론
Analysis Flowchart: Simulation Methodology
Analysis Flowchart: Simulation Methodology
Fig. 1은 연구 흐름도를 나타낸다. FDS를 통해 공간 치수, 화원, 화재 위치, 열방출률, 스프링클러 등 변수를 설정하고 ASET을 산출하며, Pathfinder를 통해 피난자 수, 장애 정도, 대피 속도 등을 반영해 RSET을 산출합니다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 엘리베이터·계단·경사로 등 5가지 대피경로 조합에 대해 안전성 평가 및 사망자 예측으로 이어집니다.
Fig. 1 shows the research flowchart. FDS is used to set variables such as spatial dimensions, fire source, fire location, heat release rate, and sprinklers to calculate ASET, while Pathfinder reflects the number of evacuees, degree of disability, and evacuation speed to calculate RSET. The simulation results lead to safety evaluation and fatality prediction for 5 evacuation route combinations including elevators, stairs, and ramps.
Fig. 1 shows the research flowchart. FDS is used to set variables such as spatial dimensions, fire source, fire location, heat release rate, and sprinklers to calculate ASET, while Pathfinder reflects the number of evacuees, degree of disability, and evacuation speed to calculate RSET. The simulation results lead to safety evaluation and fatality prediction for 5 evacuation route combinations including elevators, stairs, and ramps.
대피공간 모델: 요양병원 평면도
Evacuation Space Model: Nursing Hospital Floor Plan
Evacuation Space Model: Nursing Hospital Floor Plan
화재 층은 2층(면적 2,465.35 m²)으로 설정되었습니다. 대피경로는 엘리베이터 1(용량 58인, 왕복 26초), 엘리베이터 2·3(용량 17인), 경사로(기울기 4.76°, 폭 1.5m, 길이 70.59m), 계단(폭 1.25m)으로 구성됩니다. 화재 위치는 평면도 우측 상단에 표시되어 있습니다
The fire floor is set to the 2nd floor (area: 2,465.35 m²). Evacuation routes consist of Elevator 1 (capacity: 58 persons, round trip: 26 sec), Elevators 2 & 3 (capacity: 17 persons), a ramp (slope: 4.76°, width: 1.5m, length: 70.59m), and stairs (width: 1.25m). The fire location is indicated in the upper right of the floor plan.
The fire floor is set to the 2nd floor (area: 2,465.35 m²). Evacuation routes consist of Elevator 1 (capacity: 58 persons, round trip: 26 sec), Elevators 2 & 3 (capacity: 17 persons), a ramp (slope: 4.76°, width: 1.5m, length: 70.59m), and stairs (width: 1.25m). The fire location is indicated in the upper right of the floor plan.
화재 시뮬레이션 결과: FOD·가시거리·온도
Fire Simulation Results: FOD, Visibility & Temperature
Fire Simulation Results: FOD, Visibility & Temperature
1개 침대 조건에서는 FOD가 0.3 이하로 유지되고 가시거리 저하가 약 400초에 발생합니다. 반면 5개 침대 조건에서는 FOD가 최대 0.45까지 상승하고 가시거리 저하가 약 215~300초로 크게 앞당겨지며, 온도도 우측 경로에서 70°C를 초과하는 등 위험도가 현저히 높아집니다.
Under the 1-bed condition, FOD remains below 0.3 and visibility degradation occurs at approximately 400 seconds. In contrast, under the 5-bed condition, FOD rises to a maximum of 0.45, visibility degradation is significantly advanced to approximately 215–300 seconds, and temperature exceeds 70°C on the right-side route, indicating a markedly higher level of risk.
Under the 1-bed condition, FOD remains below 0.3 and visibility degradation occurs at approximately 400 seconds. In contrast, under the 5-bed condition, FOD rises to a maximum of 0.45, visibility degradation is significantly advanced to approximately 215–300 seconds, and temperature exceeds 70°C on the right-side route, indicating a markedly higher level of risk.
ASET vs RSET 비교: 1개 침대 조건 (Case 1~7)
ASET vs RSET Comparison: 1-Bed Condition (Cases 1–7)
ASET vs RSET Comparison: 1-Bed Condition (Cases 1–7)
1개 침대 조건에서는 모든 케이스에서 ASET > RSET이 성립합니다. RSET은 Case 1(340초)에서 Case 5·6(150초)까지 감소하며, ASET은 430~500초 범위로 안정적입니다. 분산 대피경로(Case 5~7)일수록 RSET이 크게 단축되어 안전 여유 시간이 확보됩니다.
Under the 1-bed condition, ASET > RSET holds for all cases. RSET decreases from Case 1 (340 sec) to Cases 5 & 6 (150 sec), while ASET remains stable in the range of 430–500 seconds. Distributed evacuation routes (Cases 5–7) significantly reduce RSET, securing a greater safety margin.
Under the 1-bed condition, ASET > RSET holds for all cases. RSET decreases from Case 1 (340 sec) to Cases 5 & 6 (150 sec), while ASET remains stable in the range of 430–500 seconds. Distributed evacuation routes (Cases 5–7) significantly reduce RSET, securing a greater safety margin.
ASET vs RSET 비교: 5개 침대 조건 (Case 1~7)
ASET vs RSET Comparison: 5-Bed Condition (Cases 1–7)
ASET vs RSET Comparison: 5-Bed Condition (Cases 1–7)
5개 침대 조건에서는 화재 규모 증가로 ASET이 300~330초로 크게 단축됩니다. Case 1(엘리베이터 단독)과 Case 2(계단 단독)에서는 RSET(340초)이 ASET(300~320초)을 초과하여 인명 위험이 발생합니다. 분산 대피(Case 3~7)에서는 RSET이 150~310초로 단축되어 안전 조건을 충족합니다.
Under the 5-bed condition, ASET is significantly reduced to 300–330 seconds due to the increased fire scale. In Case 1 (elevator only) and Case 2 (stairs only), RSET (340 sec) exceeds ASET (300–320 sec), resulting in life safety risk. In distributed evacuation cases (Cases 3–7), RSET is reduced to 150–310 seconds, satisfying the safety condition.
Under the 5-bed condition, ASET is significantly reduced to 300–330 seconds due to the increased fire scale. In Case 1 (elevator only) and Case 2 (stairs only), RSET (340 sec) exceeds ASET (300–320 sec), resulting in life safety risk. In distributed evacuation cases (Cases 3–7), RSET is reduced to 150–310 seconds, satisfying the safety condition.
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5개 침대 조건 예측 사망자: Case 1(엘리베이터 단독) → 6명, Case 2(계단 단독) → 2명, Case 3~7(분산 대피) → 0명
Predicted fatalities under 5-bed condition: Case 1 (Elevator only) → 6 persons, Case 2 (Stairs only) → 2 persons, Cases 3–7 (Distributed evacuation) → 0 persons
Predicted fatalities under 5-bed condition: Case 1 (Elevator only) → 6 persons, Case 2 (Stairs only) → 2 persons, Cases 3–7 (Distributed evacuation) → 0 persons